Civil War And The Abolition Of Slavery - 987 Words

Since the end of the Civil War and the abolition of slavery in 1865, the United States did not progress positively as a society. One would think that this country’s society would have progressed greatly in a positive direction since slavery’s abolition, but the opposite is true. The radical changes that happened in the United States following the Civil War were primarily detrimental citizens and society as a whole. With issues like segregation and racism entering new eras, many new problems began to arise. Separate but equal laws, organized hate groups, and racist ideals fueled the fire that began with installment of the 13th Amendment. After Plessy vs Ferguson in 1896, the installment of separate but equal laws became the standard in the United States. With the installment of these laws in the United States, all public services were supposed to be equal for both races. But these hardly regulated laws only highlighted the differences in service quality received between the races. The separate, secondary accommodations that were provided for blacks were not up to par to the services received by the whites. Separate but equal laws not only separated whites and blacks physically, but these laws made it possible for blacks and whites to coexist entirely separately. Inability to monitor these changes, resources and lack of black representation led to these issues going unsolved. White supremacy groups like the Ku Klux Klan continued to rally against reformation. Formed byShow MoreRelatedThe Abolition Of Slavery And The Civil War1349 Words   |  6 Pagesthere have been numerous civil rights movements and shifts of thoughts and beliefs. One of the largest and arguably the most impactful movement was the movement to end slavery. America has always been divided on the issue, and even to this day there are harsh sentiments between different ethnicities. America made an official decision on the matter following a brutal and violent civil war. The Thirteent h Amendment was passed on January 31st, 1865 and read: â€Å"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitudeRead MoreThe Civil War And Abolition Of Slavery2509 Words   |  11 Pageswas disdained by many people, specifically Confederate loyalists, during his presidential term. He will be remembered for being one of the greatest presidents to ever led our nation through one of its toughest times in history, the Civil War and abolishment of slavery. Meanwhile former history teacher Bill O’Reilly, and historian Martin Dugard illustrated the astonishing, vivid details that brought to life Lincoln s final days before Lee s surrender at Appomattox Court House and Abrahams assassinationRead MoreCivil War And The Abolition Of Slavery Essay1473 Words   |  6 Pagessetting someone free from imprisonment, slavery or oppression† (dictionary.com). The importance of liberation is having ‘freedom’ from any subjugation, but that freedom has been taken away slowly, and instea d hurdling forward towards a time where capitalism is more important than freedom and equity. Keeanga- Yamahtta Taylor questions, â€Å"What would constitute the ‘radical reconstruction’ of American society?† After the Civil War and the abolishment of slavery, people were heading towards a new timeRead MorePre-Civil War: Events that Lead to the Abolition of the Slave Trade and Slavery768 Words   |  4 Pages During the 1800’s, Gabriel Prosser, a blacksmith from Richmond, Virginia devised a plan that would free him self and other from slavery. Prosser and a group of his followers would procure armor and weapons then try and take over the city, thus freeing them from slavery. Unfortunately before they could execute the plan, him and some of his followers were put to death, an event that would prove to be a catalyst to the uprising. Following their deaths and many more to come, Africans slaves thenRead MoreThe Abolition Of The Civil War1679 Words   |  7 Pagesissue of slavery and its expansion had become a major controversial element of American history, resulting in the transpiration of the Civil War. Between the years of 1861 and 1865, conflict between the North and South had emerged, causing bloodshed at America’s most dominant period of history. Throughout the year 1861, intense conflict between the North and South over issues of states’ liberties, federal power, westward expansion, and slavery had impelled the Civil War. By the end of war, the CivilRead MoreThe Effects Of Slavery On Women During The Civil War877 Words   |  4 PagesConfederacy, an intellectual movement that believes the civil war was fought over honor and ideals instead of slavery, is because Southern Women saw the Civil War as a war on one of the fundamentals that made up their way life. My research paper is about understanding the effects that slavery had on women during and prior to the civil war, and how the absence of slavery effected t hem. This research will be used in order to paint a picture of how slavery effect all southern women, whether they were richRead MoreSlavery And The Civil War1706 Words   |  7 Pagesitself. The United States were no longer united, mainly over the issue of slavery. In fact, many historians believe that, â€Å"From the nation’s founding, the issue of slavery threatened to tear the United States apart.† (â€Å"The Civil War† 1). The issue of slavery was always kept at bay through the utilization of various compromises; however a permanent solution was never sought after by the government. The peoples’ perspective of slavery differed by region. In the South, the economy was extremely reliant onRead MorePrimary Causes Of The Civil War820 Words   |  4 Pagesand standpoints on why the Civil War had been fought but the primary reason why the Civil War started over uncompromisable differences between free Southern states and pro-slavery Northern states and t heir controversy over government power and slave laws. Fought during April of 1861 to 1865, the Civil War had divided the country into a frenzy against each other. In fact, a devastating 620,000 soldiers had died from accident, combat, starvation and disease, the deadliest war in American history. To addRead MoreTaking a Look at the American Civil War896 Words   |  4 PagesMany events during the mid-1700-1800s provoked the civil war because of the contradicting ideas between the northern states and the southern states. The conflict between the north and south that led to the civil war includes economic, social, and political events. At the meantime, slavery arose as a huge debate between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery faction. Fierce debates had sparked between the north and south states because of the southern states’ agrarian based economy. The geography in theRead MoreRole of the Mexican-American War in Bridging the Gap between the Abolitionist Movement and the Civil War815 Words   |  3 PagesABOLITION TO SECESSION VIA MEXICAN AMERICAN WAR 1 The Mexican-American War (1846-1848) marked a midpoint in U.S. history that bridged the gap between the abolitionist movement and the Civil War, which is not always recognized but is in some ways still with us today. Teacher Eric Burnett, for example, outlines a long list of catalysts leading up to the Civil War itself but omits the Mexican-American war even though the Civil War catalysts go back through the 1840s all the way back to Eli Whitney

Mental Health Issues in the Military - 3357 Words

Michael Alster Any American would be hard-pressed to turn on the news and not find something, anything, said about Operation Iraqi Freedom. The war in Iraq is one of the most publicized (and controversial) topics so far of the 21st century. Unfortunately, a common headline reads something like this: â€Å"5 Marines killed in Baghdad Today,† â€Å"15 American troops injured in a suicide bomb attack in Tikrit this morning.† What about the casualties that aren’t reported on the news? The troops that suffer - not from physical wounds that can heal, be stitched up, or adapted to live with – but from non-visible scars. Mental injuries are becoming increasingly common among today’s decorated war heroes. Many are too embarrassed, scared or†¦show more content†¦It starts out slowly as a dream, perhaps, or as a daydream, and escalates into depression, insomnia, anxiety, alienation and rage. It is thought that stress increases someone’s chance of dev eloping PTSD after a traumatic event. Therefore, to reduce the risk of the disorder, there is a need to reduce the stress and increase training so that soldiers know what to expect, how to handle it when it occurs, and what to do when they can’t handle it. It is agreed across the board that the United States Military provides prevention training to its soldiers. Each branch of the military is supposed to provide this training to each of its soldiers before, during, and after their deployment. This can be as important as teaching a new soldier how to clean his gun. Sometimes though, factors like timing and money dictate if the training is actually administered, and mental health training may be the first to go. Also, the military provides soldiers with a variety of mental health services. A search of the army medicine website, armymedicine.army.mil, reveals news on mental health and a link to the army’s behavioral health website. Information about the various services the Department of Defense offers are scattered over several websites. Again, Operation Iraqi Freedom’s budget limits the availability and accessibility of these services. Unless a soldier requests help, it’s usually not offered. Many soldiers ask, â€Å"Why me? Why not the guy next to me? WeShow MoreRelatedMental Health Accommodations For Our Military Men And Women Sufficient1548 Words   |  7 PagesAre mental health accommodations for our military men and women sufficient? Soldiers are put through trying conditions when deployed. Many of the men and women are sent to a foreign country away from their homes full of the people they love the most, who are spending their time with a worry in the back of their mind if they will get the chance to hold, touch, or see their loved ones ever again. Often, the soldiers who do make it back home to their families tend to develop some mental problems overRead MoreAlcohol Use Among Veterans And The Military Essay1436 Words   |  6 Pages Alcohol Use Among Veterans and the Military Alcohol use and abuse is prevalent among members of the United States military as well as among the veteran population. Binge and heavy drinking is commonplace among the military and veterans. Veterans and members of the active duty military face a unique set of challenges when compared to the civilian population. There is a trend of combat exposure leading to a higher risk to abuse alcohol. For over a decadeRead MoreMilitary For Civilian Life And Supporting Their Families1046 Words   |  5 PagesMilitary returning to Civilian Life and supporting their Families Millions of combat veterans are returning from various campaigns including Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation Enduring Freedom, and America’s latest campaigns in Afghanistan and will need support to transition from military combat life to family life and a civilian existence. A variety of support personnel and services are needed to help veterans transition successfully. Veterans suffer from physical and mental health problems whichRead MoreMilitary For Civilian Life And Supporting Their Families1032 Words   |  5 PagesMilitary returning to Civilian Life and supporting their Families Millions of combat veterans are returning from various campaigns including Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation Enduring Freedom, and America’s latest campaigns in Afghanistan and will need support to transition from military combat life to family life and a civilian existence. A variety of support personnel and services are needed to help veterans transition successfully. Veterans suffer from physical and mental health problems whichRead MoreMixed Agency : An Ethical Dilemma1591 Words   |  7 PagesMixed Agency: An Ethical Dilemma Military mental health providers hold dual roles as clinicians and commissioned officers. While they are bound by the ethical code and professional guidelines of their profession, they are also held to the standard of Department of Defense (DoD) statutes and regulations. They are expected to provide competent clinical care but also enforce military boundaries and discipline (McCauley, Hacker Hughes, Liebling-Kalifani, 2008). Likewise, there may be duality inRead MoreFamily Violence During Military Families Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Violence in military families Family violence, including both child maltreatment and spouse abuse, is a public health concern in both military and civilian populations. Physical abuse represents more than 90% of all substantiated cases of spouse abuse in military families, followed by emotional abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse (Tasso, Whitmarsh, Ordway, 2016). There is 4 types of intimate violence (1) patriarchal/intimate terrorism, (2) violence resistance, (3) common/situational coupleRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder in Troops Leaving Iraq1032 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican Army on the health of the military troops that have just returned from Iraq. It has been found that one in every right soldier is suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. Another important fact mentioned in the report is that more than half of the military soldiers from these are in a need of help but do not make their conditions public as they could be suspended from the army that can hurt their careers. A few months earlier, a survey was carried out on the mental health of the marinesRead MoreRemoving Barriers For Mental Health Services For Veterans826 Words   |  4 PagesTemple University Donna Lea Wiggins Removing Barriers to Mental Health Services for Veterans Summary Rates of trauma and mental illness are reported to be disproportionately higher among American veterans, especially those of the recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. The barriers to care after civilian reentry further disadvantage this already vulnerable population. The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have been the longest sustained US military operations since the Vietnam era, sending more than 2.2Read MoreI Am Writing About The Bill s Mental Health Care Access Act1248 Words   |  5 Pagesyour bill H.R. 1604, Veteran’s Mental Health Care access Act, which you cosponsor. The bill calls for veterans to be eligible for mental health care at non Veterans Affairs (VA) facilities, regardless of when they enrolled in the VA health care system or seek care at a VA facility, or the location of the veteran s residence. Mental illness is very common among men and women who serve in our military. According to American Psychiatric Association (2015), military men and women face unique challengesRead MoreEpidemiology of Homeless1613 Words   |  7 PagesEpidemiology of Homeless/Indigent People with Mental Illness Vulnerable populations are defined in many ways. Variables of the definition are dependent on the author, their current location and how they believe that they may assist this population. Vulnerability as defined in a healthcare setting are those with a greater than average risk of developing health problems by virtue of their marginalized sociocultural status, their limited access to economic resources, or personal characteristics such

Sustainability for Rapid Industrialization and Gloablization

Question: Discuss about theSustainability for Rapid Industrialization and Globalization. Answer: Introduction Systems thinking can be defined as an approach to integration that works on the basis of belief that the performance of the component parts of system will significantly differ when they will be separated from the other parts of the system or systems environment (Gharajedaghi, 2011). Systems are viewed in a holistic manner by systems thinking. Set of separate parts that are interrelated with each other for working towards the achievement of common goal is known as system. This essay favors the argument that system thinking is critical in developing solution for sustainability challenges. In this essay, the applicability of systems thinking is discussed in dealing with the problem of household food waste. The problem of household food waste is being faced by both developed and developing countries and is increasing at a rapid pace. Since there is no specific solution to the problem of household food waste, it is considered a wicked problem. Wicked or complex problem situations can be e ffectively addressed with the help of systems thinking. Systems thinking is critical in developing solutions to sustainability challenges The solutions to sustainability challenges can be effectively developed with the help of systems thinking. This is due to the fact that this approach provides a macroscopic view to things (Boardman Sauser, 2008). However, the traditional thinking approach and systems thinking approach are different from each other. The focus of traditional analysis approach is on the subject matter of study. On the other hand, the focus of systems thinking approach is on the inter-relationship between the various constituents of system. With the rapid industrialization and gloablization, several complexities will be faced in the upcoming years. Such comlex problems will be effectively dealt with the help of systems thinking. An essential application of this approach is system test which has three important Parts namely purpose, elements and functions (Xu, L., Marinova Guo, 2015). System thinking focus on the manner in which the constituents of the system interact with one another. Complex problems experienced by the society can be solved due to the nature of system thinking (Arnold Wade, 2015). Sustainability challenges are also known as adaptive challenges due to the fact that procedures and proticols that have already established cannot be applied to such suituations. Moreover, there is no cohesive approach or procedure for dealing with most wicked challeges of sustainability (Hester Adams, 2014). The Problem of Household Food Waste The problem of household food waste is a wicked problem. The data suggests that there is total wastage of 4 million tonnes of food every year in Australia. Out of this, business food wastage is equivalent to 1.38 million tonnes and household food wastage is 2.6 million tonnes. Every year 4 million tonnes of household food is sent by the Australians to landfill. It is $8 billion worth of leftovers, fresh food, long- life and packaged products, takeaways and frozen food. Average household bin consists of food up to 40%. Taking into consideration an average Australian household, it means food of worth $1000 is thrown away each year. Such food is sufficient for feeding an average household for entire month. Moreover, 20% of the food purchased by Australians is discarded. It is equal to 1 bag out of every 5 bags of groceries (Food Wise, 2012). The environment is severely impacted by food wastage. When there is decay of food in the landfill without air, a greenhouse gas called methane is given off which is 25 times more carbon dioxide that emanates out of the exhaust of a car. An estimated 20- 40% of the vegetables and fruits are disallowed before reaching the shop shelves due to the reason of their inability to meet the high cosmetic standards required by the customers and supermarkets (Food Wise, 2012). Food wastage can be classified into three categories: preventable food wastage (food that can be consumed), possibly preventable food wastage (food that can be consumed but is generally not consumed such as pumpkin skin) and unavoidable food wastage (food products that cannot be consumed). Households in Australia throw out sufficient food each year to fill more than 450,000 garbage trucks. The production of food is done by making the use of approximately one- third of the agricultural land of the world that is subsequently not eaten. Resources such as fuel, water and fertilizers utilized for the purpose of growing that food are also therefore wasted. The volume of food wastage needs to be significantly decreased for the purpose of sustaining the limited resources of the world and for securing sufficient food to all humans. The reasons provided by consumers for food wastage include buying in greater quantities, purchasing wrong thing, large packages, broken/ bad package, passing of best before date, etc. Food wastage also occurs due to preparing food in large quantities, preparation of food that do not taste well, non- possibility to save the leftovers, etc. John Frydenberg, the Minister of Environment and Energy, stated that the social, economic and environmental impact of wastage of food means that every single Australian is involved in it. The reduction of food waste can be effectively facilitated by packaging. In other words, packaging and its functions play an important part in the food wastage. (Williams, Wikstrom, Otterbring, Lofgren Gustafsson, 2012) Application of Systems Thinking for Dealing with the Problem of Household Food Waste Various ways can be provided by System thinking for the purpose of dealing with the complexities of household food wastage problem. The adoption of system approach has an outstanding history of 50 years. A broader perspective is provided to various problems by systems approach for the purpose of finding out the interconnection among various levels (Higgins, 2014). The significance of conditions and circumstances is considered by a system approach along with the effect of such circumstances on at the time of implementation phase. A big impact can be resulted in one element due to small change in another while dealing with the wicked problems under systems approach (Pandey Kumar, 2016). The reduction of food loss and food wastage has gained enough important with its social, economic and environmental impacts becoming more clear. Food waste prevention approaches are often based on breaking down the system into its component parts and making attempts for addressing them individually (also known as reductionist approaches). A change is necessary at multiple levels by way of re- thinking the food system by making the use of a systems approach and a resource valuation perspective. Australia should make the household food waste problem as its national agenda. Adoption of systems thinking will require considering the short term and long term view of household food wastage. It will facilitate valuing of resources, specifically food. It will also require changing of mindset for sustainable behavior by considering environmental impact, social impact and resource efficiency i.e. planet, people and profit. Systems thinking further stresses on the need for conserving the resources to some extent. This in turn allows valuing the food along with the resources utilized for the purpose of producing the food. Also, it will help in utilizing the resources in an efficient and sustainable manner while keeping the focus on minimization of waste. The systems approach required the redesigning of the entire food system for achieving the ideal state. In other words, systems approach provides the idealized design in which resources are valued for achieving sustainable performance. This in turn recognizes the requirement for feeding billions of people by the year 2050 along with identifying that more strain is put on the resources across the globe due to increased income. The redesigning as a result of systems thinking significantly helps in minimizing waste and efficiently capturing and redirecting excess food. The systems approach will assist in creating awareness and education by way of changing the mindsets of consumers, individuals and government (Allen Prosperi, 2016). The raised awareness level will help in overcoming the discomfort caused as the communication related to food waste statistics will powerfully connect the audiences to environmental harm, hunger and wasted resources. Therefore, the systems approach will facilitate behavior change depending upon the awareness fueling desire for progressive action. Household food wastage is further minimized with the help of educating the customers. Such education will also help in recovering or distributing excess food from the households (The University of Vermont, 2014). Such education should be started early in schools which should explain the environmental issues associated with household food wastage, value of food products, etc. New programs should be initiated on food security and challenges associated with population. The mindset change facilitated by the systems approach should change the mindset of culture of abundance as it cannot be afforded by the society. A new compact is required between the food industry and the consumers. Operations should be changed for the purpose of donating or freezing the excess food for later or distribution to the needy. The liability fears should be overcome and steps should be taken for achieving food recovery. The systems approach also includes incentives for increasing the cost of food to landfill. Systematic thinking has been adopted in Australia which has significantly assisted in the sustainable management of food and reduction of waste. This has saved the money of consumers and has created a bridge in the communities for those who do not have sufficient to eat along with conserving resources for the future generations. It provides planning, storage, preparation and thriftiness tips for reducing household food wastage. It promotes the donation of untouched food to food banks which will help the needy people. Value creation is aimed from the food wastage along with the effective tracking of waste reduction (Department of Environment and Energy, 2017). Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that systems thinks plays an important role in dealing with the sustainability challenges (Sanneh, 2018). Australia suffered from the severe problem of household food waste which turn also leads to the wastage of resources such as fuel, water and fertilizers utilized for the purpose of growing that food. The adoption of systems thinking in Australia has led to sustainable management of food and reduction of waste by way of providing planning, storage, preparation and thriftiness tips for reducing household food wastage. References Allen, T. and Prosperi, P., 2016. Modeling sustainable food systems.Environmental management,57(5), pp.956-975. Arnold, R.D. and Wade, J.P., 2015. A definition of systems thinking: a systems approach.Procedia Computer Science,44, pp.669-678. Boardman, J. and Sauser, B. 2008. Systems Thinking: Coping with 21st Century Problems. CRC Press. Department of Environment and Energy. 2017. Working together to reduce food waste in Australia, [Online]. Available at: https://www.environment.gov.au/protection/national-waste-policy/publications/food-waste-factsheet [Accessed on: 9 April 2018]. Food Wise. 2012. Food Donation Tool Kit, [Online]. Available at: https://www.foodwise.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/DoSomething-Food-Donation-Toolkit.pdf [Accessed on: 9 April 2018]. Gharajedaghi, J. 2011. Systems Thinking: Managing Chaos and Complexity: A Platform for Designing Business Architecture. Elsevier. Hester, P. T. and Adams, K. M. 2014. Systemic Thinking: Fundamentals for Understanding Problems and Messes. Springer. Higgins, K. L. 2014. Economic Growth and Sustainability: Systems Thinking for a Complex World. Academic Press. Mella, P. 2012. Systems Thinking: Intelligence in Action. Springer Science Business Media. Pandey, A. and Kumar, A. 2016. System Thinking Approach to Deal with Sustainability Challenges, [Online]. Available at: https://socrd.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/17BKK125-System-Thinking-Approach-to-Deal-with-Sustainability-Challenges.pdf [Accessed on: 9 April 2018]. Sanneh, E. S. 2018. Systems Thinking for Sustainable Development: Climate Change and the Environment. Springer. The University of Vermont. 2014. Introduction to Food Systems, [Online]. Available at: https://www.uvm.edu/vtvegandberry/Intro_Food_Systems.pdf [Accessed on: 9 April 2018]. Williams, H., Wikstrom, F., Otterbring, T., Lofgren, M. and Gustafsson, A., 2012. Reasons for household food waste with special attention to packaging.Journal of Cleaner Production,24, pp.141-148. Xu, L., Marinova, D. and Guo, X., 2015. Resilience thinking: a renewed system approach for sustainability science.Sustainability Science,10(1), pp.123-138.

The Influence Of Louis Armstrong Essays - Louis Armstrong

The Influence Of Louis Armstrong Louis Armstrong was the most successful and talented jazz musician in history. His influence and expansive career continues to make waves in the jazz world. That is what made him become what he is to many today a legend. Born on August 4, 1901, in the poorest section of New Orleans, Armstrong grew up with his grandparents due to his parents separation. On January 1, 1913 he made a mistake which turned out to be the best thing that ever happened to him. At a New Years celebration in downtown New Orleans, Louis Armstrong, also known as Satchmo and Satch, fired a pistol into the air and was placed in the Colored Waifs Home. It was there that he was introduced to Peter Davis the brass band leader who taught him how to play the cornet (Brown 17). Soon after he began playing, Armstrong was made leader of the band something he was extremely proud of. In June of 1914, Armstrong was free to leave the Waifs Home. He was hired by various cabarets throughout the city, as well as for picnics, dances, and funerals. It was at one of these places that he was spotted by the famous Joe King Oliver. King Oliver found Armstrong stand-in slots at orchestras and other venues. In 1918, he was offered the vacant seat left by Oliver in the band the Brown Skinned Babies. Kid Ory, leader of the band, once said that after Louis joined them he, improved so fast it was amazing. He had a wonderful ear and a wonderful memory. All you had to do was hum or whistle a new tune to him and hed know it right away (Boujut 21). At the end of 1918 Armstrong married Daisy Parker, a prostitute he had met at a dance hall that he played on Saturday nights. The marriage ended only four years later due to her beating him regularly (Bergreen 87). Louis Armstrong was hired in May of 1919 to play on a riverboat that traveled the Mississippi River from New Orleans to St. Louis. Armstrong soon became very popular in St. Louis and was in high demand (Collier 124). Two and a half years later, he was thrown off the riverboat and fired due to a fight. After returning to New Orleans, he received a telegram from King Oliver in Chicago. It was an invitation to join The Creole Jazz Band an offer Armstrong couldnt refuse. The Jazz Band cut its first record in the spring of 1923 and toured throughout Illinois, Ohio, and Indiana (Hadlock 64). A year later Armstrong married Lil Hardin, the pianist in the band. He soon grew tired of playing in Chicago and left Olivers band to head for New York City. When Armstrong reached the City and began playing everyone went wild. No where had they ever heard anything like him. Before this time, he had only played instruments but he was soon encouraged to begin singing. It was then discovered that Armstrong had a natural extension of his trumpet abilities, which was singing. His gravelly voice was something new that had never been heard (Sadie 600). Armstrong formed a studio band in 1925 called the Hot Five. The band included Johnny Dodds, Kid Ory, John St. Cyr, Lil Armstrong, and himself. These recordings were some of the most famous made by Armstrong, including Mandy Make Up Your Mind and Money Blues (Bergreen 96). A year later the Hot Five made their only public appearance at the Chicago Coliseum. The Chicago Defender spoke of Louis Armstrong, the miracle with steel lips, (Boujut 27). For the next few years Armstrong recorded with the Hot Five and played with other musicians in New York and Chicago. He then traveled to California, in July of 1930, where he starred in his first film, Flame. Only after he had been in California for a few weeks he was arrested at a nightclub for the possession of marijuana. The incident obviously caused a lot of controversy across the world. The sentence, six months in prison, was suspended after only three days. Mainly due to Armstrongs addiction to marijuana, Lil separated from