Hospitality Essay Example for Free

Hospitality EssayFrom a nutriment and potable conductors placement Why is managing the diverseness of an international pabulum and beverage public presentation so important? Discuss this by using a system, or process, or method and/ or techniqueIn the hospitality industry, managing the diversity of international fare and beverage operation which is important from a food and beverage managers perspective faecal matter improve the quality of the hospitality usefulnesss, reduce high turnover in hospitality management and make more profit from the food and beverage operation. Hospitality contriveforce is consisted of diverse universe of discourse and visible and non-visible differences which atomic number 18 included gender, age, background, culture, religion, race, disability, personality, and exit style. According to this, the establishment of treat food and beverage trading trading operations is able to rough-and-readyly manage people who work in hospitality wor kplace. And also, the hospitality precept and formulation can provide hospitality worker an opportunity that improve themselves and understand the diverse workforce.Jones (as cited in Igram, 1999) indicated that operations concern the way that governing bodys deliver their product/ service to the consumer (p. 142). This is the key of concerning for the utile practice hospitality. Johnston (as cited in Igram, 1999) indicated that the operations could be divided into three activities customer processing operations, information processing operations and product processing operations. As manager moldiness understand these three activities which reflect employees how they plan and control the processing operation. Thus, effective hospitality operations must incorporate planning with technology and people management. Furthermore, Mullins (as cited in Igram, 1999) pointed that hospitality operations are heterogeneous group, but they share a number of common characteristics.For example, there are a wide range of dexterous staff required, but there are also high total unskilled staff needed most employees are from different countries, they have different background and map English as second language there is a large proportion of female, part time, routine staff. Due to this situation, the labour mobility and turnover are high. Thus, managing diversity in food and beverage operation must need a perfect system or an improved method as foundation. Systematic in the digit, planning and control of a food and beverage operation must be concerned by international food and beverage manager. And also, management of the operation systems within a food and beverage operation must be considered by international food and beverage manager. What benefits allow for be brought into international food and beverage operation by understanding the systems? To sum up, there are three benefits. Firstly, control of resources which is employ the systems inputs aim to reduce wastage. Secondly, efficient and effective operation can perfect international food and beverage services by using systems processes. Finally, the systems outputs assure what goal the hospitality organization can achieve.The hospitality development and training can provide hospitality worker an opportunity that improve themselves and understand the diverse workforce. The hospitality education and training are the techniques which can complement the international food and beverage management. Lynch (as cited in Robinson, 2005) pointed that business management foci currently in vogue with hospitality and food and beverage operations education and practice (p. 70). In other words, in order to provide effective services to consumer, the hospitality organization exit implement the food and beverage operations education and practice to guide and develop skilled and high standard staff. Ingram (1999) indicated that effective academic abilities (including abstraction, attention to detail, hair sp litting) are not endlessly found in conjunction with personal organization skills (such as planning, delegation, prioritizing tasks) (p. 146). Thus, the academic education implemented in hospitality organization can incorporate to the international food and beverage operations with staff.2 From a food and beverage managers perspective What are the important thing to consider when planning, conception and allocating space for retention, preparation, production and service for a food and beverage operation.From a food and beverage managers perspective, the design and plan of a food service facility effect on the fondness from customers and on productivity of employees, and also on making profit from hospitality business. If facilities are poorly designed, customers will be inconvenienced and foodservices are inefficient. If a manager wants to perfect a food service, he/she must consider what requirements are needed when planning, designing and allocating space for storage, prepar ation, production and service for a food and beverage operation. The considerations will be the market and operational needs, the food production areas and equipment, sustainability and hygiene and health issue.As described above, first of all, as the operational needs, food service facility design will be the first consideration in planning space for food and beverage operation. The better food service facilities design will appeal to customers and employees when manager plans space for production and service. Rodgers (2005) indicated that food service facility design is based on the principles of space efficiency, flexibility, product flow, food safety (sanitation) and ergonomics (p. 308). In other words, an effective food service facility design can provide safe workplace for staff and engraft up an environment for efficient operation flow of people and product. The facility can make employees work efficiently so that the organization can reduce the labour costs. Furthermore, th e costs on facility keep are low. Finally, the maximum profit is gained from investment.Secondly, manager must consider the food production areas and equipment. An efficient work flow established can create a tight, smooth and productive food service operation. Afterwards, an adequate work space and suitable work sections are required to provide to employees. For example, kitchen space sometimes will be minimized in order to make more room for customers. That lead to the kitchen space is limited. The quantities of food can be supplied, however, the narrow kitchen design cannot provide employees enough room so that the food service will be delayed which dissatisfied the customers. Another thing that manager must consider is the kitchen layouts. Ninemeier (2010) indicated that work flow-the avocation patterns employees form as they go about their work-is another factor that muse be considered (p. 5). unlike kitchen activities must be done in individual work stations. For example, as the figure below, it is a bakery kitchen. Different number stands different stations. Employees can follow the work flow step by step to bring up food. As we can see from the figure, the foodpreparation space must be divided into special(prenominal) areas. The station 2-5 are the places which are for food preparation and storage. The station 1 and station 6 are used for washing and waste disposal. Due to this kitchen layout design, the food contamination will decrease and the food storage time can extend. As a food and beverage manager must consider of the food contamination.Figure 1 kitchen layout (Source Ninemeier, D. J. 2010)References listIngram, H. (1999). Hospitality a framework for a millennial review. transnational diary of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 11(4), 140-147. Ninemeier, D. J. (2010) Management of Food and Beverage Operations (2nd ed.). American American Hotel Lodging educational Foundation. Robinson, R. S. (2007). Plain Fare to Fusion Ethnic Impacts on the Process of Maturity in Brisbanes Restaurant Sector. journal of Hospitality Tourism Management, 14(1), 70-84. Rogers, S. (2005). Applied research and educational needs in food service management. International Journal of contemporary Hospitality Management, 17(4), 302-314.

The Need for Educators Essay Example for Free

The Need for Educators EssayThe American Nurses Association (ANA) states breast feeding is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of sickness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the wish of individuals, families, communities, and populations, (ANA, 2012). However, what happens when in that respect are non enough nurses to care for humanity? For many years now there has been a significant nurse shortage, rendering this topic the focus of myriad studies which scrutinize, analyze, and reanalyze the cause, effect, and solutions for this crisis (Webber, 1994). According to author, Hinshaw, (2001) The shortage of care for talent is interwoven with the current national shortage of nurses, (p. 1). The article, A Continuing Challenge The Shortage of Educationally lively Nursing Faculty, highlights a number of factors which contri furthere to the shortage of nursing facul ty, and the direct impact these influences confuse on the nationwide nursing shortage. There are several factors this article is successful in examining. Similar to the nursing shortage itself, the aging baby boomer population, now seeking retirement, is one of the main causes for increase in nursing faculty shortages (Hinshaw, 2001).Thus there is an exodus of retiring nursing professionals leaving the workforce and not enough new nurses to replace them, filling their positions. Additionally, this article brings to light an issue often neglected in realizing among nurses. The opposite major problem is not only that nursing faculty are aging, but the add up age for assistant professors is also increasing cod to nurses entering academia later in their careers. This meaning that their time for potential productivity as leaders and scholars is being curtailed,These issues necessitate an even higher inquire for nursing faculty and an increase in availability for students within nur sing schooling programs. Fang, Wilsey-Wisniewski, Bednash, (2006) assert that that everywhere 40,000 qualified nursing applicants were turned away in the 2005-2006 academic year from baccalaureate nursing programs due to a lack of masters and doctoral qualified faculty, and that this number was increase over 9,000 from 32,000 qualified but rejected students from just two years earlier Hinshaw states.Several other factors contribute to this dilemma increased number of opportunities within the profession, along with non-competitive salaries in academia in relation to a major monetary investment in doctoral education, and also the high expectations for academic positions, (2001). Nurses who receive graduate and advanced expend marks, possess the academic preparedness and credentials, which allow them more professional choices. Among these choices are administrative, entrepreneurial, clinical research, and academic positions.Furthermore, other nursing positions mentioned offer sig nificantly higher financial compensation and render faculty salaries non-competitive, (Hinshaw, 2001). The average one-year lucre for an associate professor of nursing with a masters degree is nearly 20 share less that the average salary for a nurse practitioner with a masters degree, according to the 2007 salary survey by the journal ADVANCE for Nurse Practitioners (Congress, 2009).Currently there are several strategies that have been reviewed, to alleviate the nursing shortage dilemma, for example Federal and private support for experienced nurses to enhance their education (Hinshaw, 2001). In 2009, The Nurses Higher Education and Loan Repayment Act was established, offering a graduate degree loan repayment program with hopes for enticing nurses to become nurse educators. Such federal incentives are attempts to descend the disparity of ratios between nurse educators and nursing students.Strategies for phasing and transitioning, has been another suggestion described in this art icle. This author has demonstrate this a valuable strategy for retaining important expertise to have available to the junior faculty plot of ground showing respect (and remuneration) for the senior faculty involved, (Hinshaw, 2001). One suggestion to propose would be more tractableness in scheduling for working nurses to continue their education.Many facilities desire their nurses to advance their studies, but fail to run them with a more flexible schedule. This is a deterrent with many nurses and had been a large issue with me transitioning in going back to school. In final analysis, this article is thought provoking, and addresses key causes, effects, and possible strategies needed to calve the nursing shortage dilemma. Numerous strategies are outlined in depth, and written in a clear, brief manner enabling full reader comprehension.Hinshaw encourages her audience to face the factors involved in this current nursing crisis, and for nursing professionals to consider the possi ble strategies they can participate in, and assist in implementing for this decade. It is important to inform the exoteric of the issues that essentially effect everyone. Furthermore, educating the public, provides them with the information needed to make informed decisions when voting, and supporting certain health care policies.

Hybrid Cars Essay Example for Free

Hybrid Cars Es regularizeAmeri flowerpots today do non realize that crossing autos are non salute effectual to buy. This is caused by m each factors, m both having to do with bell of production and gas determines. The damage of production for many mark cable motor gondolas is too luxuriously causing the gondola to be to expensive for consumers to buy. They abrogate up paying so much to a greater extent for a car that promises to un slight them bullion. These cars turn supplant up non fulfilling that promise and leaving quite a little short on cash. It is true that a hybrid car entrust take over money at the marrow, scarcely not enough to cover the price of buying and maintaining the car itself. Gas prices are another reason why these cars arent outlay it. The prices of gas today are somewhat 3 dollars which is nearing a record towering. Even with prices this high, pot volition not save enough money with less gas consumption to cover the extra h ail of avouching such a high maintenance and highly complex car. The math works turn out that sp closing curtaining more(prenominal) on a hybrid car over a similar small car will end up costing the owner more money.The only way to determine the car cost efficient would be to own it for an abnormally long period of time, which most people do not do. umteen people are not willing to pay this extra money on a car that is supposed to be high-priced for the environs, save some people do. Hybrid cars are get around for the milieu because they produce less greenhouse gasses. These are the emissions that specifically hurt the layers of the nimbus and are among other emissions that are unstable for our res publica.Hybrid cars burn less fuel and they burn it cleaner, so they produce less overreach that discount potentially cause smog in cities like Chicago, or that do-nothing hurt the atmospherical layers such as the ozone layer that so many people talk well-nigh being in dan ger. To some people, the extra cost of owning one of these vehicles is worth assistanting the environment, but to most it is not. deal involve fast cars that are enjoyment to drive and that get flop gas mileage. Or a milliampere might want a van that can incline a lot of people and metric weight unit and still get decent gas mileage. A dad would want a truck that can pull a heavy load and do the heavy duty work and wouldnt care about gas mileage. All of these are reasons why people dont want a small, meek, gas sipping hybrid.The first aff zephyr that makes most people shy away from buying a hybrid car is the price tag. They verify that extra five or six pace dollars and they say, NO People want a constant car that gets legal gas mileage and has room for a family and that is beneficial. All of these features can be purchased on a incessant car that costs much less than a hybrid. The perfect example for this is the Honda civil. This car comes in many trim levels, one for each type of consumer, minus the person looking for the truck. The Civic Sedan, a four door car with room for five people, starts at 15k and is the perfect car for a small family. This car gets 30mpg city and 40mpg highway which is rattling good by todays standards. The Civic Hybrid, the same sizing as the Civic Sedan, costs 22k, thats 7 thousand more, and gets an increase of only 19mpg city and 11mpg highway.This means that they would not save enough money on gas to cover the 7k increase in price in under 10 years. Since the car gets better gas mileage, one would go to the pump less, but not enough to save that much money. The third is the Civic Si, this is the sporty version of the Civic that only comes with a manual transmission and is very quick. This car costs 21k, one thousand less than the hybrid. It is much high-velocity is only has two doors. This car gets 23mpg city and 32mpg highway, not much worse than the Civic Sedan or hybrid, and is much faster and more sportswoma n. Why would a student pay one thousand dollars more for a car that is slower and more boring when the mileage increase isnt that much, they wouldnt. People want fun cars that get the job done and the Civic does that with great gas mileage and a low price, without having to be a hybrid car.Another example of this concept is the Toyota Camry. This is the trounce selling family sized sedan in the United States. This car comes in many trim levels but the ones we will look at are the base Camry and the base Camry Hybrid. For 2007 this car got a gorgeous remodel as well as a new engine in the base Camry and they added the Hybrid model. The base Toyota Camry costs 18k and has many features emergencyed for a small family to fit in the car along with a lot of luggage. Do not be confused though, this car can be checkn ride down the road pimped out with 20 (thats real big) rims and banging sound systems by college guys. It can also be seen with pick stickers and fuzzy dice in the window being driven by a couple college girls on the way to the beach. This is a very pretty, versatile car. The base Camry gets 24mpg city and 34 mpg highway. This is very good for a full sized car and will get the owner a long distance before having to refill the tank.The Camry Hybrid costs a pretty penny, but some say its worth it. This car gets 16mpg more city and 4mpg more highway than the base Camry. The huge gain in city mileage is due to the way Toyota makes their hybrid cars. They have a bun in the oven the ability to switch fully from electric to gas power whereas the Honda Hybrid drive nurture can only go from minimal usage of each, but never fully switches. Toyotas is called Hybrid synergism Drive and uses the electric engine most when accelerating and charges the batter when braking. The braking actually charges the battery more than the gas engine, so the car is able to shine when driving around the city because of the constant starting and smashping, the car uses nearly fully the electric engine.This is why the Toyota Camry Hybrid gets such good gas mileage in the city. Lets tone it though, a car that big wont be found driving around the city, most people will be office executives taking long drives from offices to home or to customers and they will not arrive at as much. The Camry Hybrid only gains 4mpg over the base Camry on the highway so many people do not agree with spending eight thousand dollars more for the hybrid. This is definitely not cost efficient for the owner. People will like the 18k price of the base Camry because it comes with so many standard options and is found to fulfill any soccer moms fantasy.When talking about Hybrid cars, on that point is one that stands above the lay in durability, functionality, style, price, and ability to save gas. That car is the Toyota Prius. This car could be the only argument one could make against this paper. It costs 22k and it does not come with a non hybrid counterpart. This car does cost more than say, a Corolla, but it has more room than a Corolla, and slightly less room than a Camry. It is in a kinsperson of its own and its only close competitor is the Honda Insight. The Prius is able to get 60mpg city and 51mpg highway. This is the best mpg rating of any production car and it actually is selling. You can see a Toyota Prius on just about any trip that you take and it does have unique styling that always turns heads.Although it costs more, the mpg rating of this car are nearly double that of the nearest non hybrid competitor making it almost worth the extra price tag. However, the cost of maintaining such a highly complex car is greater than that of the base Civic or Corolla and will end up costing more. The Honda Insight, the other close competitor, costs 21k and gets 60mpg city and 66mpg highway. Those numbers game were only the estimated numbers and consumers found them to be too high and actually got less mileage than that. too, Honda doesnt make this car anymore so a customer would only be able to buy it used. These cars all shown, people will not save money on buying a hybrid car.The gas prices right presently are not high enough to allow people to save money at the pump if they own a hybrid car. They will get better gas mileage and they will go to the pump less but they are only saving a small amount of money each year. If somebody spends 30 dollars every two workweeks on gas in a regular car, that would cost them about 780 dollars a year.A hybrid car could probably go an extra week without needing gas so that would cost them 520 dollars a year on gas. They would be saving a holy 260 dollars a year on gas. If the hybrid car costs 7k more, then they would need to have the car for about 26 years to cover the extra cost of the car. No way would somebody own a car for that long this day and age. That is only covering the cost of the actually sticker price and not the extra costs of owning the vehicle, like fixing it and stuff, whic h would have to be done since the car would need to get fixed in the 26 year period.Many websites do a calculation of the cars which would be the lowest true cost to own. One website listed the Prius and the Camry Hybrid under their list of cars costing around 25k that would be the lowest true cost to own. This is excluding how long one would own the car for and how high the gas prices are. Also they did not list any hybrid under the coupes which are lowest cost to own and they dont say customer reviews on how fun these cars are to drive.The fact is that most people do no see it necessary to buy a car that costs so much more when they could get a car for less money that will cost them less money in the long run. People also want fun cars that will cost the same, but be much more fun to drive, plane though they arent amazing at gas mileage, they still succeed in getting decent gas mileage, so people buy them. Also the hybrid drive train is not good for hauling heavy loads that is wh y there arent many pickup truck hybrids out there if any. Hybrid cars may cost more causing people to shy away from buying them, but they are better for the environment.People dont realize that driving a car can be the largest forge of pollution. We drive by a paper mill and see all the smoke coming out of the stacks and say to ourselves how bad that must be for the air. Meanwhile we are sitting in a car, that when grouped up with many cars, is much worse than the thing we are complaining about. Pollution from cars causes smog, which deteriorates the ozone layers encompassing(prenominal) to us. This can cause for major extremes of hot and cold in the seasons. The atmosphere helps moderate the temperatures on earth by holding in heat during the winter and shielding out heat during the summer. Big cities have problems with smog which is a constant haze in the air caused by so many cars in one place emitting gasses bad for the environment. Cars also have toxins in their exhaust that can cause venereal disease rain or global warming, and even cause crabby person in some people. The water supplying on earth is never growing or shrinking, the water we have is all that we get.When there is venomous rain, that water has to go somewhere and may sometimes end up in drinking water or people who have wells might take showers in it. This is how it can cause cancer in as many as 1,500 people a year. There are many bad gasses that come from motor vehicles, but the three main ones are hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide. Hydrocarbons react with nitrogen. The best times for this to happen are in the summer when there is lots of sunlight and really high temperatures. This reaction causes something called ground level ozone. This is a type of gas that is supposed to be in the atmosphere but is in our breathing air. This can cause many things such as eye irritation, wheezing, and even permanent lung damage. Nitrogen Oxides also cause the formation of ground level ozone and are major factors in causing acid rain and water pollution.Finally, carbon monoxide, which is an odorless and invisible gas, causes a slowing of type O in the bloodstream which can impair ones senses and cause permanent mental damage. Cars are responsible for around 90 percent of the carbon monoxide in the air in most urban areas. All of these gasses can be invalidated by driving a hybrid car, but the best way to reduce them is public expatriation. Studies show that a person who uses mass transit, such as buses or subways, for a year, rather of driving to work, can keep about 9.1 lbs of hydrocarbons, 62.5 lbs or carbon monoxides, and 4.9 lbs of nitrogen oxides from being put into the air (Emissions).Other ways of reducing pollution from cars in the air are things such as driving at steady speeds, buying newer cars that have fewer bad emissions, keeping your car in good running condition, or even not topping off at the pump. People can help the environment by buyin g a hybrid car, but that isnt the best way. Using public transportation or even riding a bike if possible, would do a lot more good, and save somebody a lot of money. By using public transportation and by carpooling, people can save an estimated three thousand dollars a year (Emissions). Other numbers show that idling and stop and go traffic alone use 753 millions of gallons of gasoline per year (Emissions). People dont realize how much better it would be to just use public transportation. Instead, we want to go on our own schedules and have the independence to go where we want when we want, and that costs money and causes pollution.The cost of a hybrid car over a regular car is too much. People will not buy a hybrid car when they can get a vehicle with very good gas mileage for much less money. They can get all the bells and whistles of a hybrid but spend around seven thousand less. Teenagers dont want a slow gas sipping car, they want a fast car with a blaring exhaust. They cant get this from a hybrid car so they wouldnt spend the money to buy a slow hybrid when they could have a fast sports car. A dad needs his truck to haul stuff around and hybrid cars dont offer that. The mom needs the van to have a safe car for her family that can fit them and their luggage. The cost of gas prices right now is not nearly high enough to benefit the consumer who owns a hybrid car.There is some small benefit, about 300 dollars a year, but that would take 20 years to equal just the increased price of owning a hybrid, not to mention the added costs of the upkeep of such a complex car. People want the lowest price with the best package, and hybrid cars dont offer that. While they do offer benefits to the environment, people dont realize how important the environment is and they wont spend the extra money for benefits they wont see in their lifetime. Overall the hybrid car is not worth buying because the cost is just too great. Not only is it not worth it, but people are not buying them enough to make a difference to the environment anyways, further diminishing their value. Hybrid cars are not worth buying right now and will not be for many years to come.

Household Tasks Assignments Essay Example for Free

Household Tasks Assignments EssayAs the head cleaner of the apartment, I have been responsible to save things orderly and neatly in the house. I have presented to become the head cleaner because I genuinely believe that my housemates should not be worrying that much about the household chores with a house cleanup timetable suited to them. The earlier system of assigning different individuals in the house has been convenient for everyone and effective in maintaining the cleanliness of the apartment.However, since our fellow housemate Hannah has already graduated, the task assignments will be re-distributed to five left house members. The new account of each individual is also a factor why the task assignments will be different this year. I hope everybody will adapt to the new rules and regulations regarding the tasks assigned to you and be responsible for the undertake chores. Questions, comments and suggestions in these task assignments will be entertained tomorrow (date), at around 3 in the afternoon.? supernumerary chore On Saturdays, Edsam and Jane are responsible for grocery shopping. ? Additional chore On Saturdays, Sherwin will indemnify the bills. ? Schedule of washing clothes in during the weekends. ? Jessie (the dog) needs to be groomed every Saturday. James is in charge of that. ? If a house member has a valid excuse for not doing his or her specify chore, another house member will be assigned to do it. ? Failure to do the specified chore without a valid excuse means a $5 fine.

How does the novel Of Mice And Men reflect life in the 1930s Essay Example for Free

How does the refreshing Of Mice And work force reflect life in the thirty-something Es declareQuestion-How does the novel Of Mice And Men reflect life in the 1930sJohn Steinbeck was born in 1902 in Salinas, California. His mother was a teacher and the antecedent why he learned to love withstands and his father was a county treasurer. He at be his local school and in the holidays worked on farms and feastes, this is the reason he is suitable to give such an incursion to how life was there. After school he went to Stanford university studying marine biology exclusively did non confirm a degree. He hence went to New York for a short meter were he worked as a reporter for the Ameri screw Newspaper, before going back to California to concentrate on is writing. He wrote m either another(prenominal) books including Sea of Cortez, Of Mice An Men and A Russian Journal Before winning a noble pillage for Literature in 1962.The novel I am doing this essay on I Of Mice And Men by John Steinbeck, set in California. The book was written In 1936 and in addition based in this period. This is in the middle of the great depression, which started in 1930 when firms and 2298 banks went bust and losing e actuallybodies savings and finished at the beginning of the second piece war. During the depression millions of spate were left wandering a daily round looking for clienteles and surviving any human beingage manpowert they could. all in all this came retributive after the boom of the 1920s where it was easy to key out work and ein truthbody was paid in truth well. In the 30s Steinbeck was also angiotensin converting enzyme of the 13million people without a proper excogitate, this is because his writing alone would not be able to support him.This is similar to scalawag 11 in the book where Lennie and George are looking for jobs, they also didnt seed much coin so they are unable so buy the simplest things such as ketchup for their baked beans. Stein beck found a job and found out how hard the work is on a ranch, he uses is experiences on Lennie and George as they also found a job a ranch in California and had to work very hard, safe to stick out there $50s a month.The reason why Lennie and George unplowed working is because of their breathing in. The Dream was to own a small farm in the country side with animals and crops, they absorb this inspiration because it is the entirely thing they confine to look forward to in life, and as they as they capital to achieve the romance it gives them a reason to work. Because of the depression all the other plans have been ruined as there is not level enough money to buy food, they need a dream to cover them going.George and Lennie are the main display cases in the story, Lennie is a very gigantic strong man exclusively when he was young he kicked in the head by a horse. This caused him brain damage and he instantly is unable to make his own decisions and generally acts giv e care a small child, this story was one t gaga by George so people didnt call back back Lennie was born this way. He is described by George as a big dumb bastard who is no good for himself. Even though George says this sometimes he is still ever much there for him. He had been looking after Lennie nearly all his life and constantly tries to help him. George is the psyche who supports control of what they do. He takes control of everything from getting them both jobs to what they eat. He even speaks for Lennie, like when they arrive at the ranch they have to go and speak to the owner, before they go in George even give outs Lennie not to speak, and any questions that Lennie does get asked George answers for him.Crooks is the only black man working on the ranch. He is encompassed with the least value and is made to sleep on his own in a little shed next to a dung pile. He knows where he stands, which is at the bottom. He is shown no obedience except for his job as he is very good at it and when he is playing horse shoe as he is also very good at that. At the time the book was written in the 1930s in theheight of the Klu Klux Klan (kkk) who wanted total segregation and destruction of other races. They referred to blacks as niggers and would hang them for anything and sometimes nothing. Crooks knew to stay out of the way and to be careful. He is called crooks because of his crooked back, he has this disability because he was kicked in the back by a horse.When Lennie walks into Crooks bunkhouse, he tries to get rid off him but when he patois he takes advantage of his slowness. He tries to speak to Lennie and treat him like the other white men treat Crooks. He to get Lennie to understand what life is like for him by saying suppose George didnt ever come back from township, because then he would be on his own like Crooks. But Lennie didnt her the suppose at the beginning of the sentence and got very angry towards Crooks and got very worried.Out of life Crooks wanted to be tempered equally and be given the same rights, like when he used to play with the white children when he was a child before he knew it was wrong. He wanted to be a lawyer, it was his dream but he couldnt because he was black. He wanted to be able to live in normal try-on like the other workers instead he lived in a small room the connected to the draw rein room next to a dung pile. In his room he had umteen possessions, he more than he would be able to carry, this shows he had good job security. Many of his possessions were books, he had lots because he had collected them but mainly because he is extremely clever and liked to read.Crooks is very lonely in the book, and it probably related to real life as well. He was very lonely because he had no fri demises because the whites werent allowed to speak to him a most of the blacks had move aside from the southern states, and he also did not have any family in California.Overall I think Crooks nature reflects li fe in 30s very well. standardised in life he is quarantined from the whites and is given no respect and looked down upon.Curleys wife is also an icon for life in the 30s. She does not have a name and does not work. In the book she is put across as less important than the men, and a lot of time she is told what to do by the men. Her character is vain and also gets angry and defensive very quickly. She also is very sarcastic and doesnt wait to be very bright. She like crooks is separated, she is separated from other women and doesnt seem to be very bright. She like Crooks is separated, she is separated from other women. Not once in the book does she transmit to see any friends or leave the ranch at all. Also like Crooks she cant fulfil her wishes or dreams. Crooks wants to be lawyer but cant, because hes black and Curleys wife wants to be able to go to Hollywoodand be an actress. She has been denied the opportunity by organism forced to stay on the ranch. There are so important be cause it gives them something to look forward to in life, it keeps them going. In the novel Curleys wife represents how women were not as important as men. She comes across as very silly, not very bright and the other men think that she could get someone in solid trouble.She has also not been given a name in the book, she is always referred to as Curleys wife, this is to show that she is unnoticeable and not as important as the men. She is the only women on the ranch and has no job, her only grapheme is being a house wife. On the ranch all the men want to stay away from her because they think she impart get them into trouble. Therefore She has nobody to talk to or tell about her dream to be a big time movie star. But when Lennie turns up she realises that he is to slow and tenuous not to listen or to walk away if she talked to him. So when she realises this she confides in him and tells everything she hasnt told any one else.Although she is very unhappy with Curley and says tha t he is bad man, she stays with him. This could because she knows one day he will get the ranch and have quite a lot of money compared to everyone else. She knows that if she sticks with him she will have a secure future. besides one of the reasons why the men stay away from her is because she is a flirt and could get them into trouble. For example when Lennie and George prime(prenominal) started working she came over to George and flirted with him. She would have to be careful because if she did get caught with another man she could be kicked out, and then would not have such a secure future.The men mainly see women as people they tell what to do and sleep with. They dont treat any women with respect except for Susi who runs the brothel in town, they tend to teat her with some respect as she shows them a good time, is nice and is honest. The men go town to go to the brothel to sleep with women at the end of each month when they get their pay. On page 55 they talk about Susis plac e saying things like Susis a laugh, Theres no water in her whisky implying that she is honest. They generally talk about what a nice place it is and how nice Susi is. From this you can tell that she is the only women they give any respect.Although Curley never really showed his wife any respect or showed he loved her. When Lennie killed her he goes cold and gets very mad and upset. He immediately gets his gun and organises two teams to find Lennie and shoot him. This shows that he did love her even though he didnt treat her very well.Another character is Slim, he tends to keep to himself and is very calm and quiet. Although he is quiet he has natural authority on the ranch, all the other men listen to him and take his advice. Even Curley listens and is scared of him, for example when Curley came into the bunkhouse looking for a fight Slim just stood up and Curley backed down. Also when Lennie Crushed Curleys hand Slim tells him to say that he hurt his hand in a machine.Curley is the boss son, he has a big self and is very aggressive and quick tempered. He tries to pick fights with every one possibly because he wants control. The reason why he has a big ego and is quick to start a fight is because he is a good boxer, he even got a golden glove trophy for winning a tournament. Because his father had quite a lot of money compared to other people in the 1930s and the concomitant that he is white makes him feel superior and more important than any one else.The last character is dulcify, the swamper. His job on the ranch is to go around and sweep up. The reason he does this job is because he is very old and has only got one hand, after losing his other in an accident with a machine. His shell friend is his dog, which he has had all his life. However the other workers dont dog like the dog and say its no good for its self and smells. It would be better to put it down. Candy is also very keep to get in with George and Lennies dream as he is getting old and afraid the boss will just get rid of him when he is no good.Lennie and George among the other millions of people move around from job to job because when the job is done there is nothing else to do in this place. However Lennie and George tend to travel round more than others do because Lennie is always getting them in trouble. For example when they were in Weed digging the sump they had to leave in a hurry because Lennie had been accused of rape. Although what really happened was (from the book) Lennie saw a girl clothing pretty red answer which he liked the look of. And because he liked the look of it he grabbed it. the girl started to panic and ran out to a field where lots of men were walking screaming rape. George talk of the town in the bunk house. Soon the men were chasing Lennie and George across fields and they ended up hiding in an irrigation ditch.None of the characters in the story talk much of their families except Lennie and George who briefly mention Lennies aunt Clara. I think this is significant because many of the mean had to leave their families to find work and if they do think of them they will begin to miss them which could effect their work, which could cause them to lose their job.The workers accommodation is very poor. All they have is a very small bed and a shelf. When George first went to his bed he found a submit of lice killer. All the workers get $50s a month, most of the men spend the majority of their money a the jackass house in town where they pay for sex and alcohol.The boss looks down to the men as just workers, he doesnt interact with the men. The workers see the boss as very quick tempered but generally okay. On page 21 George asks Candy about the boss, he says what kind of a guy is the boss. Candy replies well, hes a pretty nice fellow. Gets pretty mad sometimes but nice.All the men get dressed in denim jeans and jacket. They wear these because they are very hard wearing and lasts a bulky time. The way they dress reflects on how they are upkeep. They are wearing tough clothes which relates to the fact they are sleeping highly strung and in they jobs they are having to do a lot of hard labour. Also they last for a long time because they dont have the money to buy more. Curley and his father have more than one set of clothes, and even suit but compared to every one else including Lennie and George this is a lot as they only have one set of clothes, all denim so they will last a long time.None of the men have many possessions, they only have what they can carry as they have no job security so if they get to muchStuff and get fired they would have to leave it behind. The only person who has a lot of possessions is Crooks, he has lots of books magazines and even a shotgun, this is because he is likely to keep his job because he is the best. None of the men have luxury items as none of them can soften any, this is because of the depression as there is no extra money.Lennie and George among all the men have a dream for better things. The dream is for them to own their own piece of land with their own animals to look after. To Lennie hearing the dream is like a small child hearing its favourite story. He knows how it goes but wants to hear it. Hes always asking George (like on page 16) to tell him the dream and how he is going to tend the rabbits.It seems that George doesnt really think the dream will happen, that its just something to keep them going but when Candy offers to put all his money into it he really begins to believe it can happen. But when Lennie goes into Crooks room and tells him the dream Crooks reaction is you nuts as he knows there is a very small chance of it happening. When Curleys wife enters she says I seen too many guys sayin they are gonna get their own piece of land and not one of em has.I think the story reflects life in the 30s brilliantly, all the characters show how life is, from Crooks video display how life was for blacks to Curleys wife showing how it was for women. In a way women are important in the story because they represent how they were treated as less important than men and there role in the 1930s. But in another way not thought as important characters in the novel because they are women and in this time the men didnt think they were as important as them. I think the story represents what life was really like for women in the 1930s correctly.In the story Crooks, Candy and his dog represent a world of superstition quite well. In the book Crooks is a very useful person as he is very good at his job but is not tolerated by the other workers because he is black, compared to Candy who is old and not really any use to any one as all he can to is sweep the floor, but he is tolerated. This maybe because he is white, also because he is a human. When the other workers answer that Candys old dog is no good for its self, they take it out side and shoot it because it is only a dog. Candy says They wouldnt shoot me when Im no goo d, suggesting that white humans are tolerated more than dogs or black people.The workers respect each other and are polite to each other but at the same time its every man for him self as they cannot rely on anyone else to help them to much. The workers know its every man for himself as they no if they want anything such as to follow their dream they have to work for it themselves and not hope that other people will help them. Even though they know they are on their own all the workers are friends and watch out for each other on the ranch.Most of the men dont mind Lennie as they no he means well and is no trouble but Curley shows a more realistic view of him, which would better represent the 1930s better. Curley shows a lot of intolerance towards Lennie as he is seen as not normal, he shows this intolerance by continuously threatening him and in the end starting a fight with him.From looking over my work I believe the characters in the novel Of Mice And Men show that they were livin g in the 1930s very well. Their belongings jobs and actions all show that they were living in this period. I also believe the character of Crooks, Curleys wife and the boss all show how incompatible people were treated at this time.

China and India Essay Example for Free

china and India EssayClassical China and India had differences and similarities in religion, society, and technology/ inventions. In China, there were 3 major religions while in India there were only two. China had trey kind groups in which the people were placed. India had the Caste system that included five levels. The people of Classical China invented some important stages while in India, major advances in astronomy, medicine, and math were being made.Chinas religious and philosophic views were different from Indias because they had distinct faiths. Chinas major religions/ philosophies were Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism which focused on peace with the world and worship of ancestors. Indias major religions, Hinduism and Buddhism express reincarnation. Although different religions, both Chinese and Indian lives were the same in that religion formed a enceinte part of their day, whether Confucianism, Legalism, Daoism, Hinduism, or Buddhism, a lot of time was devote d to worshiping their faith.India and China both used a system of grouping people socially. Even though different methods, the people lived according to their group. Most of the religions resembling Hinduism, Confucianism, and Legalism accepted these social groups. Indias Caste system consisted of five levels. Moving up in a social class was nearly impossible in both China and India. In the Caste system, the people were consistent in hierarchical and patriarchal levels. On the other hand, the three social classes of China were the landowners, the peasants, and at the foundation were the mean people.When it comes to advances in intellectuality and inventions that influenced our world today, China and India were truly different. China and India were different in intellectual advances because they in stages made a move forward, but in different fields. China invented paper, a major item still used today. To help make the production of crops easier, the Chinese invented the water p owered mill.Another high-sounding advance of classical China was an accurate calendar still used in China today. spot in India, they were making life changing discoveries. In astronomy, they determined the length of our solar year, they identified the septette planets, and they calculated the circumference of our planet earth. Because of infections and diseases, they developed vaccines to immunize and protect their population. Classical India also learned to secure wounds. India and China had different levels of thinking, but both made important discoveries that impacted the world.In conclusion, China and India were very different, yet alike in many aspects. They were different in religion, society, technology, and inventions. These differences and similarities made up the classical civilizations of India and China.

Motivation Skills Development Plan for Nursing

penury Skills Development Plan for NursingQi-Cai LiuLeadership has been described as a relational process in which an individual seeks to influence others towards a mutually desircapable purpose. (RNAO, 2013). To be an impelling engineerer, the soulfulness must be able to create a nock ken, lay down up a convocation, inspire and motivate the group to engage and achieve that vision (Mind Tools, 2015a). Nursing is a discipline which combines the scientific caring and political receive (CNA, 2009). Nursing flowers plays an essential role in the nurses life. It influences the practised outcome of the tolerant ofs, nurses, organizations, and make up the health system. harmonise to the College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO, 2002), each nurse, across all domains, claims to demonstrate lead in her/his breast feeding professional arrange by providing and advocating the best service to the client/public. Registered nurses at the entry-level atomic number 18 required to hav e the ability or skills to build up a presumption relationship with the clients and colleagues, to create a safe practice environment, to catch the knowledge in c atomic number 18 for science, and to balance the conflict values and priorities (CNO, 2014). Therefore, all the nurses need to start their lead development during their education process. As a nurse student, I besides plan to develop my leading skills to meet the requirement from the CNO professional standards. There are two looks,which are well patterned to pass judgment the lead skills and wants, are available at Mind Tools website (2015b). To identify my contemporary leadership skills, I completed these two tidy sums and the results are shown in the appendix A and B. This paper is trying to analyze the two survey results and then to identify the strengths and weakness of my leadership, and then create a plan to improve my leadership skills at heart my current acute care clinical practice by applying the transformational leadership practices.Survey Results Analysis match to the leadership standard (CNO, 2002), nursing leadership requires many personal characteristics and skills, much(prenominal) as applaud, relationship, confide, self-knowledge, canvasing, communication, oneness. To assess my leadership abilities, I completed two well-designed online surveys (Mind Tools, 2015b). One is How Good are Your Leadership Skills and one is Leadership demand Assessment. The survey results are shown in the appendix A and B.For the survey of How proper are your leadership skills? thither are 18 statements which are designed to assess the personal characteristics and transformational leadership. I got a score of 58 out of 90 (See appendix A), which implies that my current overall leadership is at medium level and at that place are many areas I need to improve. Personal characteristics refer to the traits of a leader, such as the respect, trust, authority, empathy, verifying perspect ive, honesty, outlook, and emotional intelligence. Personal characteristics are the important part of the leadership. It influences the success or failure of leadership. In the survey, the personal characteristic part includes three components self-confidence, electropositive attitude and outlook, and emotional intelligence. The survey designers ideate that the self-confidence and positive attitude are the two key fundaments for leadership, as they believe that populate like to be friends with the person with high self-confidence, and the person with a positive attitude is also easier to inspire and motivate the surround volume. The survey designers also think the emotional intelligence is important for the leader to build up interpersonal relationships, which contri exceptes to the leadership. I got a score of 7 out of 10 in all those three components, which indicates that I already have certain personal characteristic strengths. However, in that respect are still just about spaces need to improve. For practice sessions, my self-confidence get out fluctuate according to my abilities to perform certain things. I may have a controvert attitude in a helpless situation. I may bring my personal emotion into the study when I lost control of it. To be an effective nursing leader in the future, I need to strength these leadership related personal characteristics, as well as those didnt include in the survey.Transformational leadership refers to a process leadership style that the leader identifies the requirement of change, creates a vision, delivers the vision to the team, and inspires the team to flow the change (Wikipedia, 2015a). Transformational leadership is one dominating theory in the nursing leadership practice and interrogation (Hutchinson and Jackson, 2013). In the survey of How effectual are your leadership skills? the transformational leadership part consists five components (Mind Tools, 2015c) providing a compelling vision of the future, do nation to deliver the vision, being a good role model, managing performance effectively, and providing permit and stimulation. I got a score of 7 out of 10 in the components of being a good role model and managing performance effectively, which indicates that I leave alone be able to present myself as an example for the followers and manage performance by setting up clear rules or expected targets. I got a score of 13 out 20 in the component of providing support and stimulation, which implies there are more spaces to improve my ability of stimulating the followers and my competency of providing support during the facilitating process. I commonly think community need to truly smart to stimulate other multitude, otherwise it provide be very hard. For the component of providing a compelling vision of the future, I got a score of 6 out of 10, which indicates I am non good at providing a good vision. That is certainly true as I thought it is in any case hard or complicate t o make a plan for the future as there are so many unpredictable changes would occur. However, I just studyed that a good leader is able to adapt to the changing of the environment during the progress. Therefore, I need to develop this ability from now. I only got a score 4 out of 10 in the component of the motivating people to deliver the vision, which is the worst score over the all parts of the survey. However, it showed out the truth that I am non good at to motivate nearlyone else to deliver the vision. To be a good leader, it is not only required to create and deliver a vision, but also required to be able to motivate other people to help him/her to deliver the vision. Thus, I need to direct more campaign to improve this ability in the future nursing practice.For the second survey of The leadership motivation assessment(Mind Tools, 2015d), there are 14 statements which are designed to assess the motivation to lead. I got a score of 51 out of 70 (See appendix B), which impl ies that my current motivation to lead is at medium level and demand to improve. I always think that lead other people do something is the most challenging task. If people dont have good leadership skills, they testament feel very stressful as the majority of their lead attempts allow be not succeed. Based on this thinking, my motivation to be a leader is not very high. I am like to communicate with and build up positive relationships with other people. I am also like to participate group activities, and contribute my ideas to them. It is fine for me to help other people to fix the problems. However, when it comes to motivating some people to do something, I am not very footsure with that. I do not like to face the frustration when receiving the ref subprogram. I also do not know how to deal with those people who are hard to be motivated. As a result, I usually like to cooperate with other people rather than to lead or motivate them. However, as a nursing student, I am required to develop my leadership competencies to meet the professional standards (CNO, 2002). Therefore, it is the time for me to march on my leadership motivation.Based on the above analysis, I identified some my leadership strengths, which including self-confidence, positive attitude and outlook, emotional intelligence, being a good role model, managing performance effectively. However, to be a good leader, I think these areas still need to further develop in the future practice. Besides that, I also found my weaknesses to be a leader, which including providing a compelling vision of the future, motivating people to deliver the vision, providing support, as well as increasing motivation to lead. I need to start now to put some effort to improve these weaknesses.Motivation Skills Development PlanAs mentioned above, leadership is one of the seven nursing professional standards (CNO, 2002). Therefore, as a nursing student, I need to cultivate my leadership competencies and develop my leader ship skills from now. Based on the two surveys, I identified several weaknesses in my leadership, such as providing a compelling vision of the future, motivating people to deliver the vision, providing support, as well as increasing motivation to lead. I think all of those areas are deserve to improve as they are the important components of leadership. However, in contrast with others, I think the skill of motivating people to deliver the vision is very urgent for me to improve as I only got a score of 4 out of 10 in the first survey. Here, I am trying to set up a plan to develop motivating skills during my current acute care clinical practice. As mentioned above, the main barrier for me to motivate other people is that I dont know how to motivate them, and I lack some skills. Therefore, the ending of this plan is to identify some strategies and develop my motivating competency through applying them in the clinical practice. After reviewing some literature articles, I find the fol lowing three strategies are helpful for the development.My first schema is to set up effective visions in the clinical practice. According to the Mind Tools (2015e), setting up a clear and achievable vision is essential to build up a motivating environment. There is no motivation if there is no vision. The ambiguous and immeasurable vision will increase the challenge to motivate. An achievable and challenging vision will make people feel more important and valuable, and result in easier to motivate. Therefore, to improve motivating ability, I need to develop my ability for providing an effective vision, which is also one of my leadership weaknesses from the survey result. To achieve that, I plan to take the following tactics in the clinical practice. First, I will try to design some effective visions or goals which relate to the acute nursing care. According to Mind Tools (2015e), an effective goal should have the features of specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, time (SMART) . I will make sure each goal can meet these five features after designing. For example, during the patient discharge education, I will create a SMART goal like this patient will state that he knew how to use the leg bag catheter before the discharge. Second, I will ensure each goal is consistent. According to the Mind Tools (2015e), if a goal is inconsistent with the persons tenacious term goals, it will cause the person confusion and go to the wrong directions. Therefore, in the clinical practice, I will assess each proposed goal to see whether it matches the patients long term goals. For example, if I provide a goal which is not consistent with the patients other goals, it will be every hard or even impossible to motivate this patient to achieve it. Third, I will put some challenge in the goal. According to the Mind Tools (2015e), people usually work harder if you put more expects of them. If a goal is too simple and too easy to achieve, people may not be motivated to do it as it doesnt have any challenge. People are like to perform important, valuable changes. For example, if I set a goal to motivate other nursing students to increase their communication times with their patients during each shift, the nursing students may think it is too simple to do. Therefore, putting challenge in the goal will increase the scuttle for motivation. In summary, I believe my competency in providing effective visions will be improved if I can persistently apply the above three tactics in the clinical practice.My second strategy to improve the motivating skill is to build trust relationships with the patients, nurse staffs, instructor, and other nursing students during the clinical practice. As we know, having a trust relationship is the foundation to motivate other people in the leadership practice, and trust can bring out the best in each individual (RNAO, 2013). Therefore, I need to learn some trust relationship building skills to improve my motivating ability. To build up and maintain a trust relationship throughout the clinical practice, I plan to take the following tactics which are the recommendations from the Best Practice Guideline (RNAO, 2013). First, I will show my care, respect, and concerns. I will recognize and respect the different values and beliefs without judgement and criticism. When providing nursing care to the patient, I will respect the patient familiarity decision. I will show my empathy and provide nursing care to the patients for their illness. Second, I will demonstrate integrity and fairness during the practice. I will openly share my values and beliefs to the patients and other nursing students. I will increase the culturally sensitive during the practice. I will set up clear performance standards to make sure the fairness during the nursing care. If I made a mistake by accident, I will admit it and take the responsibility. I will also keep the commitments during the nursing care. For example, if I said to the patient tha t I will come back to see him/her soon, I will implement it. Otherwise, I will lose the trust of this patient. Third, I will demonstrate the role competency and promote the teamwork. I will apply the medical and pharmacological knowledge, as well as the relationship and leadership knowledge during the practice. I will promote my collaborative relationship with other health work providers. I will show assistance to the other nursing students when they needed. I will also receive and acknowledge the helps from other nursing students and nurse staffs in the unit. In summary, I will be able to build up a trust relationship based on the above three tactics. However, it may be harder to maintain a trust relationship than building it. There are so many factors can cause the losing of trust, such as the inconsistency amidst the actions and says, seeking for the personal interesting, lie, and withhold information (RNAO, 2013). Therefore, I need to put more efforts on that during the clinic al practice.My third strategy to improve my motivating ability is to identify the differences between individuals. To achieve the goal of motivating, rigid techniques should be avoided as each individual has his/her specific features. According to the Hersey Blanchard situational leadership theory (Wikipedia, 2015b), there are four mature level of the followers M1, M2, M3, and M4. The M1 followers are scatty specific skills and are unwilling to make changes. The M2 followers are lacking specific skills, but are willing to make changes. The M3 followers are experienced, but unwilling to make changes. The M4 followers are experienced and willing to make changes. As a result, different motivation skills should be adapted according to the followers maturity level. For example, when I am trying to motivate a patient to make some healthy behavior changes, I will firstly identify the maturity level of this patient by assessing his/her willingness and capacity. If the patient has the will ingness and capacity, I may just need to tell him/her to make the change. If the patient has willingnesses but not has capacity, I may need to find out the tools to help her/him build up the capacity. If the patient doesnt have willingness but has capacity, I may need to focus on the strategies of motivation, such as assisting the patient to identify and mortify the barriers. If the patient does not have the both willingness and capacity, it will be more challenge as I am not only need to motivate but also need to help build up the capacity. In this way, I will be able to use different techniques to motivate people according to their characteristics.By applying the above three strategies in my current acute care clinical practice, I anticipate to improve my competencies of setting up compelling visions, building up trust relationship, and identifying the differences between individuals in clinical. As a result, I will increase my ability of motivation at the end. During this proces s, I will also be able to evaluate the ethical and legal nursing care standards in the current acute care unit when I am designing the compelling vision. I will learn how to evaluate the professional standards and guidelines and apply them in the clinical practice. For example, I learned the strategies of building up trust relationship from the Best Practice Guideline (RNAO, 2013), and I will use this knowledge to build up the trust relationship in the clinical practice. I will learn how to analysis the leadership theories and use them to lead the change during nursing practice. For example, I will use the Hersey Blanchard situational leadership theory to assess the maturity level of each individual. After obtaining some motivation competencies, I will try to practice small leadership among the nursing student group.ReferencesRegistered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO). (2013). Healthy work environments best practice guidelines Developing and sustaining nursing leadership. Retr ieved from http//rnao.ca/bpg/guidelines/developing-and-sustaining-nursing-leadership.Mind Tools. (2015a). What is leadership? Retrieved from http//www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_41.htm.Mind Tools. (2015b). Leadership skills Become an exceptional leader. Retrieved from http//www.mindtools.com/pages/main/newMN_LDR.htm.Mind Tools. (2015c). How good are your leadership skills? Retrieved from http//www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_50.htm.Mind Tools. (2015d). The leadership motivation assessment How motivated are you to lead? Retrieved from http//www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_01.htm.Mind Tools. (2015e). How good are your motivation skills? Retrieved from http//www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMM_67.htm.Canadian Nurse Association (CNA). (2009). home Statement Nursing leadership. Retrieved from http//www.cna-aiic.ca//media/cna/page-content/pdf-en/nursing-leadership_position-statement.pdf?la=en.College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO). (2002). Professional Standards Lead ership. Retrieved from http//www.cno.org/Global/docs/prac/41006_ProfStds.pdf.College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO). (2014). Competencies for entry-level Registered Nurse Practice. Retrieved from http//www.cno.org/Global/docs/reg/41037_EntryToPracitic_ final.pdf?epslanguage=en.Wikipedia. (2015a). Transformational leadership. Retrieved from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformational_leadershipWikipedia. (2015b). Situational leadership theory. Retrieved from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situational_leadership_theoryHutchison, M. Jackson, D. (2013). Transformational leadership in nursing towards a more critical interpretation. Nursing Inquiry, 20 (1), 1122. doi DOI 10.1111/nin.12006.